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A fundamental feature of collective cell migration is phenotypicheterogeneity which, for example, influences tumour progression and relapse.While current mathematical models often consider discrete phenotypicstructuring of the cell population, in-line with the `go-or-grow' hypothesis\cite{hatzikirou2012go, stepien2018traveling}, they regularly overlook the rolethat the environment may play in determining the cells' phenotype duringmigration. Comparing a previously studied volume-filling model for ahomogeneous population of generalist cells that can proliferate, move anddegrade extracellular matrix (ECM) \cite{crossley2023travelling} to a novelmodel for a heterogeneous population comprising two distinct sub-populations ofspecialist cells that can either move and degrade ECM or proliferate, thisstudy explores how different hypothetical phenotypic switching mechanismsaffect the speed and structure of the invading cell populations. Through acontinuum model derived from its individual-based counterpart, insights intothe influence of the ECM and the impact of phenotypic switching on migratingcell populations emerge. Notably, specialist cell populations that cannotswitch phenotype show reduced invasiveness compared to generalist cellpopulations, while implementing different forms of switching significantlyalters the structure of migrating cell fronts. This key result suggests thatthe structure of an invading cell population could be used to infer theunderlying mechanisms governing phenotypic switching.

Phenotypic switching mechanisms determine the structure of cell migration into extracellular matrix under the `go-or-grow' hypothesis