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Nanoantennas, operating at optical frequencies, are a transformativetechnology with broad applications in 6G wireless communication, IoT, smartcities, healthcare, and medical imaging. This paper explores their fundamentalaspects, applications, and advancements, aiming for a comprehensiveunderstanding of their potential in various applications. It begins byinvestigating macroscopic and microscopic Maxwell's equations governingelectromagnetic wave propagation at different scales. The study emphasizes thecritical role of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) wave propagation in enhancinglight-matter interactions, contributing to high data rates, and enablingminiaturization. Additionally, it explores using two-dimensional materials likegraphene for enhanced control in terahertz communication and sensing. The paperalso introduces the employment of nanoantennas as the main building blocks ofNano-scale Radar (NR) systems for the first time in the literature. NRs,integrated with communication signals, promise accurate radar sensing fornanoparticles inside a nano-channel, making them a potential future applicationin integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. These nano-scale radarsystems detect and extract physical or electrical properties of nanoparticlesthrough transmitting, receiving, and processing electromagnetic waves atultra-high frequencies in the optical range. This task requires nanoantennas astransmitters/receivers/transceivers, sharing the same frequency band andhardware for high-performance sensing and resolution.

Nanoantennas and Nanoradars: The Future of Integrated Sensing and Communication at the Nanoscale