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Context. Sunlight scattered from the surface of an airless body is generallypartially polarized, and the corresponding polarization state includesinformation about the scattering surface, such as albedo, surface grain sizes,composition, and taxonomic types. Aims. We conducted polarimetry of two largeairless bodies, the Dawn mission targets (1) Ceres and (4) Vesta, in thenear-infrared region. We further investigated the change in the polarimetricphase curves over the wavelengths expected from previous works. Methods. Weused the Nishiharima Infrared Camera (NIC) installed at the Nishi-HarimaAstronomical Observatory (NHAO) to observe these objects at multiple geometricconfigurations in the J, H, and $\mathrm{K_s}$ bands ($ \lambda \sim1.2\mathrm{-}2.3 \mathrm{\mu m} $). Results. Polarimetric parameters weredetermined and compared with previously reported experimental results. Inparticular, Vesta exhibits a characteristic change in the negative polarizationbranch as the wavelength increases to the $\mathrm{K_s}$ band, which weinterpret as an indication of the dominant existence of $D \sim 10\mathrm{-}20\mathrm{\mu m}$ particles. Our approach is supported by empirical reasoning andcoincides well with an independent, theory-driven approach based on thermalmodeling. Conclusions. This work demonstrates how near-infrared polarimetry canbe utilized to quantitatively determine the particle size of airless objects.This finding will have important implications for asteroid taxonomy andregolith evolution.

Quantitative grain size estimation on airless bodies from the negative polarization branch. II. Dawn mission targets (4) Vesta and (1) Ceres