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Analog computation with passive optical components can enhance processingspeeds and reduce power consumption, recently attracting renewed interestthanks to the opportunities enabled by metasurfaces. Basic image processingtasks, such as spatial differentiation, have been recently demonstrated basedon engineered nonlocalities in metasurfaces, but next-generation computationalschemes require more advanced capabilities. Here, we tailor nonlocalities inspace and time to design a metasurface that can perform mixed spatio-temporaldifferentiation of an input image, realizing event-based edge detection with apassive ultrathin silicon-based structured film compatible with standardfabrication techniques. The metasurface detects the object edges only when theobject moves, and its design can be tailored to selectively enhance objectsmoving at desired speeds. Our results point towards fully-passive processing ofspatio-temporal signals, for highly compact neuromorphic cameras.

Space-Time Nonlocal Metasurfaces for Event-Based Image Processing