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In this letter, we propose a joint mechanical and electrical adjustment ofintelligent reflecting surface (IRS) for the performance improvements oflow-earth orbit (LEO) satellite multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)communications. In particular, we construct a three-dimensional (3D) MIMOchannel model for the mechanically-tilted IRS, and consider two types ofscenarios with and without the direct path of LEO-ground user link due to theorbital flight. With the aim of maximizing the end-to-end performance, wejointly optimize tilting angle and phase shift of IRS along with thetransceiver beamforming, whose performance superiority is verified viasimulations.

Joint Mechanical and Electrical Adjustment of IRS-aided LEO Satellite MIMO Communications