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High pressure x-ray diffraction up to 30 GPa and resonant emission x-rayspectroscopy and partial fluorescence yield x-ray absorption spectroscopy up to52 GPa were used to study how the structural and electronic properties ofUTe$_2$ evolve with pressure at room temperature. An orthorhombic to tetragonalphase transition was observed to occur between 5 and 7 GPa, with a large volumecollapse of nearly 11% and a nearest U-U distance increase by about 4%. Thislower to higher symmetry transition suggests less 5f electron participation inbonding when the weakly correlated superconducting phase in the tetragonalstructure of UTe$_2$ appears. Beyond 7 GPa, no new structural transitions werefound up to 30 GPa. The resonant x-ray emission spectra clearly demonstrate anintermediate valence of U, nearly +3.74 at 1.8 GPa and room temperature, andreveal that the U valence shifts towards 4+, passes through a peak at 2.8 GPa,and then decreases towards 3+ and settles down to a nearly constant value above15 GPa. These experiments reveal that some fundamental structural and valencechanges occur in UTe2 at relatively low pressures, which could be responsiblefor the interplay between unconventional superconductivity, magnetic ordering,and weakly correlated superconductivity that is manifested in thetemperature-pressure phase diagram of UTe2.

Structural transition and uranium valence change in UTe$_2$ at high pressure revealed by x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy