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We investigate the antiferromagnetic heavy fermion superconductor UPd2Al3,employing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to unravel the complexelectronic structure of its U 5f electrons. We observe unexpectedcharacteristics that challenge the conventional temperature-dependent behaviorof heavy fermion systems, revealing unexpected characteristics. At temperaturesabove the anticipated coherence temperature (T$^*$), we observe itinerant U 5felectrons at temperatures higher than previously postulated. Additionally, apreviously unidentified dispersionless band emerges around 600 meV below theFermi energy, potentially linked to spin-orbit splitting within the U 5fstates. Hybridization between the 5f electrons and conduction band was observedwith an energy dispersion of 10 meV at low temperatures, suggesting that U 5felectrons near and at the Fermi surface have an itinerant nature.Temperature-dependent 5d-5f resonance spectra reveal that the 5f electronspectrum weight increases with lowering temperature and begins to decrease attemperatures significantly higher than the Neel temperature (T$_N$). We furthershow that the competition between the Kondo effect andRuderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions may be responsible for therelocalization of 5f electrons, making relocalization a precursor to theestablishment of magnetic order at lower temperatures. Our experiments alsoprovide evidence that 5f electrons with the same orbital are involved in boththe Kondo effect and RKKY interactions, suggesting that the two coexist atlower temperatures.

Relocalization of Uranium 5f Electrons in Antiferromagnetic Heavy  Fermion Superconductor UPd$_2$Al$_3$: Insights from Angle-Resolved  Photoemission Spectroscopy