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Cryogenic confocal microscopy is a powerful method for studying solid statequantum devices such as single photon sources and optically controlled qubits.While the vast majority of such studies have been conducted at temperatures ofa few Kelvin, experiments involving fragile quantum effects often require loweroperating temperatures. To also allow for electrical dynamic control, microwaveconnectivity is required. For polarization-sensitive studies, free spaceoptical access is advantageous compared to fiber coupling. Here we present aconfocal microscope in a dilution refrigerator providing all the above featuresat temperatures below 100 mK. The installed high frequency cabling meets therequirements for state of the art spin qubit experiments. As another uniqueadvantage of our system, the sample fitting inside a large puck can beexchanged while keeping the cryostat cold with minimal realignment. Assessingthe performance of the instrument, we demonstrate confocal imaging,sub-nanosecond modulation of the emission wavelength of a suitable sample andan electron temperature of 76 mK. While the instrument was constructedprimarily with the development of optical interfaces to electrically controlledqubits in mind, it can be used for many experiments involving quantumtransport, solid state quantum optics and microwave-optical transducers.

Millikelvin confocal microscope with free-space access and high-frequency electrical control