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Tiny cilia drive the flow of surrounding fluids through asymmetric jumping,which is one of the main ways for biological organisms to control fluidtransport at the micro-scale. Due to its huge application prospects in medicaland environmental treatment fields, artificial cilia have attracted widespreadresearch interest in recent years. However, how to model and optimizeartificial cilia is currently a common challenge faced by scholars. We model asingle artificial cilium driven by a magnetic field as a multi-agent system,where each agent is a magnetic bead, and the interactions between beads areinfluenced by the magnetic field. Our system is driven by controlling themagnetic field input to achieve fluid transport at low Reynolds number. Inorder to quantify the flow conveying capacity, we introduce the pumpingperformance and propose an optimal control problem for pumping performance, andthen give its numerical solution. The calculation results indicate that ourmodel and optimal control algorithm can significantly improve the pumpingperformance of a single cilia.

Multi-agent Modeling and Optimal Pumping Control of Magnetic Artificial Cilia