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This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the social andeconomic effects of solar mini-grids in rural African settings, specifically inKenya and Nigeria. A group of 2,658 household heads and business ownersconnected to mini-grids over the last five years were interviewed both beforeand one year after their connection. These interviews focused on changes ingender equality, productivity, health, safety, and economic activity. Theresults show notable improvements in all areas. Economic activities andproductivity increased significantly among the connected households andbusinesses. The median income of rural Kenyan community members quadrupled.Gender equality also improved, with women gaining more opportunities indecision making and business. Health and safety enhancements were linked toreduced use of hazardous energy sources like kerosene lamps. The introductionof solar mini-grids not only transformed the energy landscape but also led tobroad socioeconomic benefits in these rural areas. The research highlights thesubstantial impact of decentralized renewable energy on the social and economicdevelopment of rural African communities. Its findings are crucial forpolicymakers, development agencies, and stakeholders focused on promotingsustainable energy and development in Africa.

Social and Economic Impact Analysis of Solar Mini-Grids in Rural Africa: A Cohort Study from Kenya and Nigeria