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Panspermia is the hypothesis that life originated on Earth from thebombardment of foreign interstellar ejecta harboring polyextremophilemicroorganisms. Since the 2017 discovery of the comet-like body 'Oumuamua(1I/2017 U1) by the Pans-STARRS telescope, various studies have re-examinedpanspermia based on updated number density models that accommodate for'Oumuamua's properties. By utilizing 'Oumuamua's properties as an anchor, weestimate the mass and number density of ejecta in the ISM (rho_m [kg au^-3] andrho_n [au^-3]). We build upon prior work by first accounting for the minimumejecta size to shield microbes from supernova radiation. Second, we estimatethe total number of impact events C_n on Earth after its formation and prior tothe emergence of life (~0.8Gyr). We derive a conditional probability relationfor the likelihood of panspermia for Earth specifically of <10^-5, given anumber of factors including f_B, the fraction of ejecta harboring extremophilesand other factors that are poorly constrained. However, we find that panspermiais a plausible potential life-seeding mechanism for (optimistically) up to~10^5 of the ~10^9 Earth-sized habitable zone worlds in our Galaxy.

The Implications of 'Oumuamua on Panspermia