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Magnetic nanoparticles form the foundation of many biomedical andenvironmental technologies. Although various methods exist to characterize asubset of physical properties of nanoparticles, measuring their magneticresponse remains challenging. This property is defined by magneticsusceptibility, which describes how a material responds to an external magneticfield. However, accurately measuring magnetic susceptibility relies onspecialized, high-performance instrumentation which require large quantities ofdried sample. Here, we present the design and validation of an open-sourcebenchtop instrument, a magnetophotometer (MAP), which non-destructivelymeasures the magnetic susceptibility of suspended nanoparticles viamonochromatic differential optical spectroscopy. To validate the system'saccuracy, a series of measurements are performed, and results from asuperconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) serve as a benchmark.First, a series of three iron oxide nanoparticle batches was synthesized withdistinctly different susceptibility values, and the MAP successfullydifferentiates between them in agreement with SQUID results. Notably, incomparison with the SQUID, the MAP requires an order of magnitude less sampleand obtains a result 99.8% faster. To demonstrate utility in the biomedicalfield, the MAP performs non-destructive analysis of bioconjugated magneticnanoparticles, a measurement that is not possible using currently availablecommercial systems. The bioactivity of the surface coating is not degraded bythe testing, and the susceptibility values are in agreement with the particlematerial. Thus, the MAP provides a path for in-line rapid quality controlassessment of nanoparticles in their final application environment.

Open-Source Benchtop Magnetophotometer (MAP) for Characterizing the Magnetic Susceptibility of Nanoparticles