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Rush hour and sustained traffic flows in eight cities are studied using theIBM Mega Traffic Simulator to understand the importance of road structures andvehicle acceleration in the prevention of gridlock. Individual cars among thetens of thousands launched are monitored at every simulation time step usinglive streaming data transfer from the simulation software to analysis softwareon another computer. A measure of gridlock is the fraction of cars moving atless than 30% of their local road speed. Plots of this fraction versus theinstantaneous number of cars on the road show hysteresis during rush hoursimulations, indicating that it can take twice as long to unravel clogged roadsas fill them. The area under the hysteresis loop is used as a measure ofgridlock to compare different cities normalized to the same central areas. Thedifferences between cities, combined with differences between idealized modelsusing square or triangular road grids, indicate that gridlock tends to occurmost when there are a small number of long roads that channel large fractionsof traffic. These long roads help light traffic flow but they make heavy flowsworse. Increasing the speed on these long roads makes gridlock even worse inheavy conditions. City throughput rates are also modeled using a smooth ramp upto a constant vehicle launch rate. Models with increasing acceleration for thesame road speeds show clear improvements in city traffic flow as a result offaster interactions at intersections and merging points. However, theseimprovements are relatively small when the gridlock is caused by long roadshaving many cars waiting to exit at the same intersection. In general, gridlockin our models begins at intersections regardless of the available road space inthe network.

Gridlock Models with the IBM Mega Traffic Simulator: Dependency on Vehicle Acceleration and Road Structure