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The kagome lattice is an exciting solid state physics platform for theemergence of nontrivial quantum states driven by electronic correlations:topological effects, unconventional superconductivity, charge and spin densitywaves, and unusual magnetic states such as quantum spin liquids. While kagomelattices have been realized in complex multi-atomic bulk compounds, here wedemonstrate from first-principles a process that we dub kagomerization, inwhich we fabricate a two-dimensional kagome lattice in monolayers of transitionmetals utilizing a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) overlayer. Surprisingly, h-BNinduces a large rearrangement of the transition metal atoms supported on afcc(111) heavy-metal surface. This reconstruction is found to be rather genericfor this type of heterostructures and has a profound impact on the underlyingmagnetic properties, ultimately stabilizing various topological magneticsolitons such as skyrmions and bimerons. Our findings call for areconsideration of h-BN as merely a passive capping layer, showing itspotential for not only reconstructing the atomic structure of the underlyingmaterial, e.g. through the kagomerization of magnetic films, but also enablingelectronic and magnetic phases that are highly sought for the next generationof device technologies.

Kagomerization of transition metal monolayers induced by two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride