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The study of event-by-event fluctuations of net-baryon number in a subspaceof full phase space is a promising direction for deciphering the structure ofstrongly interacting matter created in head-on collisions of relativistic heavynuclei. Such fluctuations are generally suppressed by exact baryon numberconservation. Moreover, the suppression is stronger if baryon number isconserved locally. In this report we present a conceptually new approach toquantify correlations in rapidity space between baryon-antibaryon,baryon-baryon, and antibaryon-antibaryon pairs and demonstrate their impact onnet-baryon number fluctuations. For the special case of Gaussian rapiditydistributions, we use the Cholesky factorization of the covariance matrix,while the general case is introduced by exploiting the well-known Metropolisand Simulated Annealing methods. The approach is based on the use of thecanonical ensemble of statistical mechanics for baryon number and can beapplied to study correlations between baryons as well as strange and/or charmhadrons. It can also be applied to describe relativistic nuclear collisionsleading to the production of multi-particle final states. One application ofour method is the search for formation of proton clusters at low collisionenergies emerging as a harbinger of the anticipated first-order chiral phasetransition. In a first step, the results obtained are compared to the recentmeasurements from the CERN ALICE collaboration. Such investigations are key toexplore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter and baryon productionmechanisms at energy scales from several GeV to several TeV.

The imprint of conservation laws on correlated particle production