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In a quantum Trojan-horse attack (THA), eavesdroppers learn encodedinformation by injecting bright light into encoded or decoded devices ofquantum key distribution (QKD) systems. These attacks severely compromise thesecurity of non-isolated systems. Thus, analytical security bound was derivedin previous studies. However, these studies achieved poor performance unlessthe devices were strongly isolated. Here, we present a numerical method forachieving improved security bound for a decoy-state QKD system under THAs. Thedeveloped method takes advantage of the well-established numerical frameworkand significantly outperforms previous analytical bounds regarding theachievable final key and secure transmitted distance. The results provide a newtool for investigating the efficient security bounds of THA in practicaldecoy-state QKD systems. This study constitutes an important step towardsecuring QKD with real-life components.

Improved security bounds against the Trojan-Horse attack in decoy-state quantum key distribution