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In Japanese primary and secondary schools, an alphabetical name list is usedin various situations. Generally, students are called on by the teacher duringclass and in the cer-emony if their family name is early on the list.Therefore, students whose surname ini-tials are earlier in the Japanesealphabet acquire more experience. Surname advantages are considered to have along-term positive effect on life in adulthood. This study ex-amines thesurname effect. The data set is constructed by gathering lists ofrepresentative figures from various fields. Based on the list, we calculate theproportion of surname groups according to Japanese alphabetical column lists.The major findings are as follows: (1) people whose surnames are in theA-column (the first column among 10 Japanese name col-umns) are 20% more likelyto appear among the ruling elite but are less likely to ap-pear inentertainment and sports lists. (2) This tendency is rarely observed in theUni-versity of Tokyo entrance examination pass rate. Consequently, the A-columnsur-names are advantageous in helping students succeed as part of the eliteafter graduating from universities but not when gaining entry intouniversities. The surname helps form non-cognitive skills that help studentsbecome part of the ruling elite instead of specif-ic cognitive skills that helpstudents enter elite universities. Keywords: Surname, Education, Name order,Hidden curriculum, Cognitive skill, Non-cognitive skill, Elite, Vice Minister,Academic, Prestigious university, Enter-tainment, Sports.

Name order and the top elite: Long-term effects of a hidden cur-riculum