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The neutron structure function, $F_{2n}$, has historically been extractedfrom measurements of the deuteron structure function, but our understanding ofthe nuclear effects on the bound proton and neutron limits the extraction of$F_{2n}$. The MARATHON collaboration recently extracted $F_{2n}$ from thecomparison of $^3$H and $^3$He targets, where the nuclear effects are largerbut nearly identical, yielding a precise extraction of $F_{2n}/F_{2p}$. Thisprecise extraction can then be compared to deuteron extractions, providingimportant constraints on the nuclear effects in the deuteron. To ensure thatthis comparison is not biased by the specific model of nuclear effects used byMARATHON, we examine a range of models of the nuclear effects to obtain a moreconservative, but more model-independent, extraction of $F_{2n}/F_{2p}$ forcomparison with deuteron extractions. Even with the more conservative approach,the comparison suggests the need for significant off-shell corrections or othernuclear effects, beyond those include in most calculations, even for theweakly-bound deuteron.

Impact of the MARATHON data on \texorpdfstring{$F_{2n}/F_{2p}$}{F2n/F2p} and off-shell effects in light nuclei