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Hydrogen is produced from water using renewable electricity. Unlikeelectricity, hydrogen can be stored in large quantities for long periods. Thisstorage ability acts as a green battery, allowing solar and wind energy to begenerated and used at different times. As a result, green hydrogen plays acentral role in facilitating a climate-neutral economy. However, the logisticsfor hydrogen are complex. As new hydrogen pipelines are developed for hydrogen,there is a trend toward repurposing the natural gas network for hydrogen, dueto its economic and environmental benefits. Yet, a rapid conversion coulddisrupt the balance of natural gas supply and demand. Furthermore, technicaland economic developments surrounding the transition contribute additionalcomplexity, which introduces uncertainty in future supply and demand levels forboth commodities. To address these challenges, we introduce a multi-periodstochastic network design problem for the transition of a natural gas pipelinenetwork into a green hydrogen pipeline network. We develop a progressivehedging based matheuristic to solve the problem. Results demonstrate ourmatheuristic is efficient, both in computation time and in solution quality. Weshow that factoring in uncertainty avoids premature expansion and ensures thedevelopment of an adequate pipeline network meeting long-term needs. In a casestudy in the Northern Netherlands for Hydrogen Energy Applications in ValleyEnvironments for Northern Netherlands initiative, we focus on two keyscenarios: local production and importation, exploring their impacts onperformance indicators. Our case insights exemplify the solid foundation forstrategic decision-making in energy transitions through our approach.

Multi-period Stochastic Network Design for Combined Natural Gas and Hydrogen Distribution