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In recent years we have seen an explosion in the usage of low-cost, low-powermicrocontrollers (MCUs) in embedded devices around us due to the popularity ofInternet of Things (IoT) devices. Although this is good from an economicsperspective, it has also been detrimental for security as microcontroller-basedsystems are now a viable attack target. In response, researchers have developedvarious protection mechanisms dedicated to improve security in theseresource-constrained embedded systems. We demonstrate in this paper thesedefenses fall short when we leverage benign memory mapped design-for-debug(DfD) structures added by MCU vendors in their products. In particular, weutilize the Flash Patch and Breakpoint (FPB) unit present in the ARM Cortex-Mfamily to build new attack primitives which can be used to bypass commondefenses for embedded devices. Our work serves as a warning and a call inbalancing security and debug structures in modern microcontrollers.

When Memory Mappings Attack: On the (Mis)use of the ARM Cortex-M FPB Unit