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Dorsal closure is a process that occurs during embryogenesis of Drosophilamelanogaster. During dorsal closure, the amnioserosa (AS), a one-cell thickepithelial tissue that fills the dorsal opening, shrinks as the lateralepidermis sheets converge and eventually merge. During this process, the aspectratio of amnioserosa cells increases markedly. The standard 2-dimensionalvertex model, which successfully describes tissue sheet mechanics in multiplecontexts, would in this case predict that the tissue should fluidize via cellneighbor changes. Surprisingly, however, the amnioserosa remains an elasticsolid with no such events. We here present a minimal extension to the vertexmodel that explains how the amnioserosa can achieve this unexpected behavior.We show that continuous shrinkage of the preferred cell perimeter and cellperimeter polydispersity lead to the retention of the solid state of theamnioserosa. Our model accurately captures measured cell shape and orientationchanges and predicts non-monotonic junction tension that we confirm with laserablation experiments.

Minimal vertex model explains how the amnioserosa avoids fluidization during Drosophila dorsal closure