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MXenes are a family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides thatdisplay extraordinary electrical, optical, chemical, and electrochemicalproperties. There is a perception that MXenes are unstable and degrade quickly,limiting potential applications and requiring specific storage conditions tolast for a long time. This was true for delaminated MXenes flakes in dilutedispersions prepared from defective precursors when MXene research was in itsinfancy. Since then, significant developments in MXene synthesis, processing,and understanding of its chemistry led to dramatic increases in environmentalstability. Herein, we analyze Ti$_3$C$_2$T$_x$ free-standing films aged from 4to 9 years through structural and morphological characterization along withelectrical conductivity measurements to reveal the effect, or lack thereof, ofprolonged storage under ambient conditions. Further, we show that the decreasein electronic conductivity over time is largely caused by the uptake of waterby the hydrophilic surface chemistry of MXenes, which can be easily removed andits effect reversed by vacuum annealing.

Multi-year Study of Environmental Stability of Ti$_3$C$_2$T$_x$ MXene Films