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Barriers of urban mobility may contribute to the segregation ofneighborhoods. However, the empirical knowledge about this issue is limited.Here, we present a methodological framework to assess the importance ofbarriers to urban mobility along their hierarchy, over time and acrossneighborhoods. Using GPS mobility data, we construct a network of blocks fromthe sequence of individual visits. A community finding algorithm allows us toevaluate the fit of the neighborhoods detected in this mobility network tocharacteristic urban barriers by adjusting the resolution parameter of theLouvain method to decrease the dominance of mobility hubs. Using the SymmetricArea Difference index, that quantifies the overlap between the polygonsseparated by urban barriers and the network communities, we find that the matchof detected neighborhoods and urban barriers improves as the resolutionparameter increases. However, at high values of the resolution parameter, thisfit gets better for lower rank administrative or road barriers than for theirhigher rank pairs. Although the role of urban barriers in hindering mobilitybecame stronger over the COVID-19 restrictions, their fit with detectedneighborhoods deteriorated for most analyzed barriers. Exceptions are primaryroads, to which the fit of neighborhoods is stable over periods. By increasingthe resolution parameter, we find emergent communities of local mobility flowsthat cross primary roads and a consequent optimal value of the resolutionparameter. The Barrier Crossing Ratio, the fraction of barrier crossings thatare network community crossings as well, demonstrates that the barriers' impacton mobility are significantly different across urban areas. These resultscontribute to the ongoing discourse on urban segregation, emphasizing theimportance of barriers to urban mobility in shaping neighborhood interactionsand mixing.

Neighborhoods and Boundaries of Urban Mobility