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We present an alternative approach to deriving second-order non-conformalhydrodynamics from the relativistic Boltzmann equation. We demonstrate howconstitutive relations for shear and bulk stresses can be transformed intodynamical evolution equations, resulting in Israel-Stewart-like (ISL)hydrodynamics. To understand the far-from-equilibrium applicability of such ISLtheories, we investigate the one-dimensional boost-invariant Boltzmann equationusing special moments of the distribution function for a system with finiteparticle mass. Our analysis reveals that the mathematical structure of the ISLequations is akin to that of moment equations, enabling them to approximatelyreplicate even the collisionless dynamics. We conclude that this particularfeature is important in extending the applicability of ISL theories beyond thehydrodynamic regime.

Why are hydrodynamic theories applicable beyond the hydrodynamic regime?