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Applications of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have potential toenhance clinical decision support through conversational interfaces. However,challenges of human-algorithmic interaction and clinician trust are poorlyunderstood. GutGPT, a LLM for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risk predictionand management guidance, was deployed in clinical simulation scenariosalongside the electronic health record (EHR) with emergency medicinephysicians, internal medicine physicians, and medical students to evaluate itseffect on physician acceptance and trust in AI clinical decision supportsystems (AI-CDSS). GutGPT provides risk predictions from a validated machinelearning model and evidence-based answers by querying extracted clinicalguidelines. Participants were randomized to GutGPT and an interactivedashboard, or the interactive dashboard and a search engine. Surveys andeducational assessments taken before and after measured technology acceptanceand content mastery. Preliminary results showed mixed effects on acceptanceafter using GutGPT compared to the dashboard or search engine but appeared toimprove content mastery based on simulation performance. Overall, this studydemonstrates LLMs like GutGPT could enhance effective AI-CDSS if implementedoptimally and paired with interactive interfaces.

Assessing the Usability of GutGPT: A Simulation Study of an AI Clinical Decision Support System for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk