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The correlation between net baryon number and electric charge,$\chi_{11}^{\rm BQ}$, can serve as a magnetometer of QCD. This is demonstratedby lattice QCD computations using the highly improved staggered quarks withphysical pion mass of $M_\pi=135~$MeV on $N_\tau=8$ and 12 lattices. We findthat $\chi_{11}^{\rm BQ}$ along the transition line starts to increase rapidlywith magnetic field strength $eB\gtrsim 2M_\pi^2$ and by a factor 2 at$eB\simeq 8M_\pi^2$. Furthermore, the ratio of electric charge chemicalpotential to baryon chemical potential, $\mu_{\rm Q}/\mu_{\rm B}$, showssignificant dependence on the magnetic field strength and varies from the ratioof electric charge to baryon number in the colliding nuclei in heavy ioncollisions. These results can provide baselines for effective theory and modelstudies, and both $\chi_{11}^{\rm BQ}$ and $\mu_{\rm Q}/\mu_{\rm B}$ could beuseful probes for the detection of magnetic fields in relativistic heavy ioncollision experiments as compared with corresponding results from the hadronresonance gas model.

Baryon electric charge correlation as a magnetometer of QCD