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Future wireless systems are envisioned to utilize the large spectra availableat THz bands for wireless communications. Extremely massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) antennas can be costly and power inefficient forwideband THz communications. An alternative antenna technology, which canachieve low cost and power efficient THz signaling, is based on leaky waveantennas (LWAs). In this paper, we explore the usage of the LWAs for widebanddownlink multi-user THz communications. We propose a model for LWA-aidedcommunication systems that faithfully captures the antenna operations. We thatLWAs yield frequency-dependent beams, where the equivalent wideband channelinduces dependence between angle, frequency, and spectral lobe width. Weidentify the LWAs inherent frequency-selective beamsteering capabilities asmotivating multi-band THz communications that deviate from conventionalorthogonal frequency-division, and employ non-identical subbands. Then, wepropose an alternating optimization algorithm for jointly optimizing the LWAconfiguration along with the spectral division and power allocation to maximizethe achievable sum-rate. Our numerical results show that a single LWA cangenerate diverse beampatterns, exhibiting performance comparable to costlyfully digital MIMO. Interestingly, we demonstrate that allowing transmissionwith non-identical subbands leverages the characteristics of LWA-based channelscompared to uniform division, yielding improved beamsteering that translate tohigher rates.

Wideband THz Multi-User Downlink Communications with Leaky Wave Antennas