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What makes a presupposition of an utterance -- information taken for grantedby its speaker -- different from other pragmatic inferences such as anentailment is projectivity (e.g., the negative sentence the boy did not stopshedding tears presupposes the boy had shed tears before). The projectivity mayvary depending on the combination of presupposition triggers and environments.However, prior natural language understanding studies fail to take it intoaccount as they either use no human baseline or include only negation as anentailment-canceling environment to evaluate models' performance. The currentstudy attempts to reconcile these issues. We introduce a new dataset,projectivity of presupposition (PROPRES, which includes 12k premise-hypothesispairs crossing six triggers involving some lexical variety with fiveenvironments. Our human evaluation reveals that humans exhibit variableprojectivity in some cases. However, the model evaluation shows that thebest-performed model, DeBERTa, does not fully capture it. Our findings suggestthat probing studies on pragmatic inferences should take extra care of thehuman judgment variability and the combination of linguistic items.

PROPRES: Investigating the Projectivity of Presupposition with Various Triggers and Environments