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The rapid growth of wireless technologies has fostered research on spectrumcoexistence worldwide. One idea that is gaining attention is using frequencybands solely devoted to passive applications, such as passive remote sensing.One such option is the 27 MHz L-band spectrum from 1.400 GHz to 1.427 GHz.Active wireless transmissions are prohibited in this passive band due to radioregulations aimed at preventing Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) on highlysensitive passive radiometry instruments. The Soil Moisture Active Passive(SMAP) satellite, launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), is a recent space-based remote sensing mission that passively scans theEarth's electromagnetic emissions in this 27 MHz band to assess soil moistureon a global scale periodically. This paper evaluates using the restrictedL-band for active terrestrial wireless communications through two means. First,we investigate an opportunistic temporal use of this passive band within aterrestrial wireless network, such as a cluster of cells, during periods whenthere is no Line of Sight (LoS) between SMAP and the terrestrial network.Second, leveraging stochastic geometry, we assess the feasibility of using thispassive band within a large-scale network in LoS of SMAP while ensuring thatthe error induced on SMAP's measurements due to RFI is below a given threshold.The methodology established here, although based on SMAP's specifications, isadaptable for utilization with various passive sensing satellites regardless oftheir orbits or operating frequencies.

Coexistence of Satellite-borne Passive Radiometry and Terrestrial NextG Wireless Networks in the 1400-1427 MHz Restricted L-Band