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This study examines the impact of in-phase schooling on the hydrodynamicefficiency during linear acceleration in a simplified model using twoundulating NACA0012 hydrofoils arranged in phalanx formation as a minimalrepresentation of a fish school. The research focuses on key parameters, namelyStrouhal (0.2-0.7) and Reynolds (1000-2000) numbers, and explores the effect ofvarying fish-body wavelengths (0.5-2), reflecting natural changes during actualfish linear acceleration. Contrary to expectations, in-phase schooling did notenhance acceleration performance. Both propulsive efficiency and net thrustwere found to be lower compared to solitary swimming and anti-phase schoolingconditions. The study also identifies and categorizes five distinct flowstructure patterns within the parameters investigated, providing insight intothe fluid dynamics of schooling fish during acceleration.

In-phase schooling hinders linear acceleration in wavy hydrofoils paired in parallel across various wavelengths