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Acoustic-directed assembly is a modular and flexible bottom-up technique withthe potential to pattern a wide range of materials. Standing acoustic waveshave been previously employed for patterning preformed metal particles,however, direct patterning of metallic structures from precursors remainsunexplored. Here, we investigate utilization of standing waves to exert controlover chemical reaction products, while also exploring their potential in theformation of multi-layered and composite micro-structures. Periodic metallicmicro-structures were formed in a single step, simplifying microstructurefabrication. Concentric structures were obtained by introducing a metalprecursor salt and a reducing agent into a cylindrical piezoelectric resonatorthat also served as a reservoir. In addition, we introduce an innovativeapproach to directly fabricate metallic multi-layer and composite structures byreducing different metal ions or adding nanoparticles during the reductionstep. Fewer steps are needed, compared with other methods, and there is no needto stabilize the nanoparticles or to ensure chemical affinity between themetallic matrix and inorganic nanoparticles. This innovative approach ispromising for production of complex microstructures with enhanced functionalityand controlled properties.

One-Pot Approach for Acoustic Directed Assembly of Metallic and Composite Microstructures by Metal Ion Reduction