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The threat of hardware Trojans (HTs) in security-critical IPs likecryptographic accelerators poses severe security risks. The HT detectionmethods available today mostly rely on golden models and detailed circuitspecifications. Often they are specific to certain HT payload types, makingpre-silicon verification difficult and leading to security gaps. We propose anovel formal verification method for HT detection in non-interferingaccelerators at the Register Transfer Level (RTL), employing standard formalproperty checking. Our method guarantees the exhaustive detection of anysequential HT independently of its payload behavior, including physical sidechannels. It does not require a golden model or a functional specification ofthe design. The experimental results demonstrate efficient and effectivedetection of all sequential HTs in accelerators available on Trust-Hub,including those with complex triggers and payloads.

A Golden-Free Formal Method for Trojan Detection in Non-Interfering Accelerators