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Base station (BS) sleeping, a promising technique to address the growingenergy consumption in wireless communication networks, encounters challengessuch as coverage holes and coupled uplink and downlink transmissions. As aninnovative architecture designed for future-generation mobile communicationnetworks, the fully-decoupled radio access network (FD-RAN) is anticipated toovercome these challenges by fully decoupled control-data planes anduplink-downlink transmissions. In this paper, we investigate energy-efficientuplink FD-RAN leveraging flexible BS sleeping and resource cooperation. First,we introduce a holistic energy consumption model and formulate a bi-levelenergy efficiency maximizing problem for FD-RAN, involved with the jointoptimization of user equipment (UE) association, BS sleeping, and powercontrol. Subsequently, through employing the Tammer decomposition method, theformulated bi-level problem is converted into two equivalent upper-level andlower-level problems. The lower-level problem encompassed with UE power controlis addressed by introducing a successive lower-bound maximization-basedDinkelbach's algorithm, and the upper-level problem for UE association and BSsleeping is solved through a modified low-complexity many-to-many swap matchingalgorithm, respectively. Extensive simulation results not only demonstrate thesuperior effectiveness of FD-RAN and our proposed algorithms but also revealthe sources of energy efficiency gains within FD-RAN.

Flexible Base Station Sleeping and Resource Cooperation Enabled Green Fully-Decoupled RAN