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The origins of carbonaceous asteroids in the asteroid belt is not fullyunderstood. The leading hypothesis is that they were not born at their currentlocation but instead implanted into the asteroid belt early in the Solar Systemhistory. We investigate how the migration and growth of Jupiter and Saturn intheir natal disk impact nearby planetesimals and subsequent planetesimalimplantation into the asteroid belt. We account for the effects of surfaceablation of planetesimals caused by thermal and frictional heating between thegas-disk medium and planetesimal surface, when planetesimals travel through thegas disk. We have performed simulations considering planetesimals of differentcompositions as water-ice rich planetesimals, water-ice poor planetesimals,organic-rich planetesimals, and fayalite-rich planetesimals. Our findingsindicate that, regardless of the migration history of the giant planets,water-ice rich, organic-rich, and fayalite-rich planetesimals implanted intothe asteroid belt generally experience surface ablation during implantation inthe asteroid belt, shrinking in size. Planetesimals with enstatite-likecompositions were inconsequential to surface ablation, preserving theiroriginal sizes. By assuming an initial planetesimal size-frequencydistribution, our results show that -- under the effects of surface ablation --the planetesimal population implanted into the asteroid belt shows a SFD slopeslightly steeper than that of the initial one. This holds true for allmigration histories of the giant planets considered in this work, but for theGrand-Tack model where the SFD slope remains broadly unchanged. Altogether, ourresults suggest that the largest C-type asteroids in the asteroid belt may havebeen born bigger. High-degree surface ablation during implantation into theasteroid belt may have even exposed the cores of early differentiated C-typeplanetesimals.

Asteroids were born bigger: An implication of surface mass ablation during gas-assisted implantation into the asteroid belt