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The Fifth Generation (5G) mobile core network is designed as a set of VirtualNetwork Functions (VNFs) hosted on Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) hardware.This creates a growing demand for general-purpose compute resources as 5Gdeployments continue to expand. Given their elastic infrastructure, cloudservices such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) are attractive platforms to addressthis need. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the control and user planeQuality of Service (QoS) performance associated with deploying the 5G core ontop of a public cloud. To account for both software and communication costs, webuild a 5G testbed using open-source components spanning multiple locationswithin AWS. We present an operational breakdown of the performance overhead forvarious 5G use cases using different core deployment strategies. Our resultsindicate that moving specific VNFs into edge regions reduces the latencyoverhead for key 5G operations. Furthermore, we instantiated multiple userplane connections between availability zones and edge regions with differenttraffic loads. We observed that the deterioration of connection quality variesdepending on traffic loads and is use case specific. Ultimately, our findingsprovide new insights for Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) for optimalplacements of their 5G core functions.

A First Look at 5G Core Deployments on Public Cloud: Performance Evaluation of Control and User Planes