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Healthcare applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) are oftensafety-critical, thus, require extensive testing. Such applications are oftenconnected to smart medical devices from various vendors. System-level testingof such applications requires test infrastructures physically integratingmedical devices, which is time and monetary-wise expensive. Moreover,applications continuously evolve, e.g., introducing new devices and users andupdating software. Nevertheless, a test infrastructure enabling testing with afew devices is insufficient for testing healthcare IoT systems, hencecompromising their dependability. In this paper, we propose a model-basedapproach for the creation and operation of digital twins (DTs) of medicinedispensers as a replacement for physical devices to support the automatedtesting of IoT applications at scale. We evaluate our approach with anindustrial IoT system with medicine dispensers in the context of Oslo City andits industrial partners, providing healthcare services to its residents. Westudy the fidelity of DTs in terms of their functional similarities with theirphysical counterparts: medicine dispensers. Results show that the DTs behavemore than 92% similar to the physical medicine dispensers, providing a faithfulreplacement for the dispenser.

Model-based Digital Twins of Medicine Dispensers for Healthcare IoT Applications