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Multi-band Mott insulators with moderate spin-orbit and Hund's coupling arekey reference points for theoretical concept developments of correlatedelectron systems. The ruthenate Mott insulator Ca$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$ has thereforebeen intensively studied by spectroscopic probes. However, it has beenchallenging to resolve the fundamental excitations emerging from the hierarchyof electronic energy scales. Here we apply state-of-the-art resonant inelasticx-ray scattering to probe deeper into the electronic excitations found inCa$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$. In this fashion, we probe a series of spin-orbitalexcitations at low energies and resolve the level splitting of theintra-$t_{2g}$ structure due to spin-orbit coupling and crystal fieldsplitting. Most importantly, the low-energy excitations exhibit strong orbitalcharacter. Such direct determination of relevant electronic energy scales isimportant, as it sharpens the target for theory developments of Mottinsulators' orbital degree of freedom.

Resolving the Orbital Character of Low-energy Excitations in Mott Insulator with Intermediate Spin-orbit Coupling