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Micro-controller units (MCUs) implement the de facto interface between thephysical and digital worlds. As a consequence, they appear in a variety ofsensing/actuation applications, from smart personal spaces to complexindustrial control systems and safety-critical medical equipment. While many ofthese devices perform safety- and time-critical tasks, they often lack supportfor security features compatible with their importance to overall systemfunctions. This lack of architectural support leaves them vulnerable torun-time attacks that can remotely alter their intended behavior, withpotentially catastrophic consequences. In particular, we note that MCU softwareoften includes untrusted third-party libraries (some of them closed-source)that are blindly used within MCU programs, without proper isolation from therest of the system. In turn, a single vulnerability (or intentional backdoor)in one such third-party software can often compromise the entire MCU softwarestate.  In this paper, we tackle this problem by proposing, demonstrating security,and formally verifying the implementation of UCCA: an Untrusted CodeCompartment Architecture. UCCA provides flexible hardware-enforced isolation ofuntrusted code sections (e.g., third-party software modules) inresource-constrained and time-critical MCUs. To demonstrate UCCA'spracticality, we implement an open-source version of the design on a realresource-constrained MCU: the well-known TI MSP430. Our evaluation shows thatUCCA incurs little overhead and is affordable even to lowest-end MCUs,requiring significantly less overhead and assumptions than prior related work.

UCCA: A Verified Architecture for Compartmentalization of Untrusted Code Sections in Resource-Constrained Devices