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Perceptive mobile network (PMN) is an emerging concept for next-generationwireless networks capable of conducting integrated sensing and communication(ISAC). A major challenge for realizing high performance sensing in PMNs is howto deal with spatially separated asynchronous transceivers. Asynchronicityresults in timing offsets (TOs) and carrier frequency offsets (CFOs), whichfurther cause ambiguity in ranging and velocity sensing. Most existingalgorithms mitigate TOs and CFOs based on the line-of-sight (LOS) propagationpath between sensing transceivers. However, LOS paths may not exist inrealistic scenarios. In this paper, we propose a cooperation based joint activeand passive sensing scheme for the non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios having asynchronoustransceivers. This scheme relies on the cross-correlation cooperative sensing(CCCS) algorithm, which regards active sensing as a reference and mitigates TOsand CFOs by correlating active and passive sensing information. Another majorchallenge for realizing high performance sensing in PMNs is how to realize highaccuracy angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation with low complexity.Correspondingly, we propose a low complexity AoA algorithm based on cooperativesensing, which comprises coarse AoA estimation and fine AoA estimation.Analytical and numerical simulation results verify the performance advantagesof the proposed CCCS algorithm and the low complexity AoA estimation algorithm.

Cooperation Based Joint Active and Passive Sensing with Asynchronous Transceivers for Perceptive Mobile Networks