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The investigation of collective behaviour in dense assemblies ofself-propelled active particles has been motivated by a wide range ofbiological phenomena. Of particular interest are dynamical transitions ofcellular and sub-cellular biological assemblies, including the cytoskeleton andthe cell nucleus. Motivated by observations of mechanically induced changes inthe dynamics of such systems, and the apparent role of confinement geometry, westudy the transition between jammed and fluidized states of active particlesassemblies, as a function of the strength and temporal persistence of activeforces, and in different confinement geometries. Our results show that thefluidization transition broadly resembles yielding in amorphous solids,consistently with recent suggestions. More specifically, however, we find thata detailed analogy holds with the yielding transition under cyclic sheardeformation, for finite persistence times. The fluidization transition isaccompanied by driving induced annealing, strong dependence on the initialstate of the system, a divergence of time scales to reach steady states, and adiscontinuous onset of diffusive motion. We also observe a striking dependenceof the transition on persistence times and on the nature of the confinement.Collectively, our results have implications in epigenetic cell statetransitions induced by alterations in confinement geometry.

Yielding behaviour of active particles in bulk and in confinement