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This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional (3D) theoretical regular-shapedgeometry-based stochastic model (RS-GBSM) and the correspondingsum-of-sinusoids (SoS) simulation model for non-isotropic multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) Ricean fading channels. Theproposed RS-GBSM, combining line-of-sight (LoS) components, a two-sphere model,and an elliptic-cylinder model, has the ability to study the impact of thevehicular traffic density (VTD) on channel statistics, and jointly considersthe azimuth and elevation angles by using the von Mises Fisher distribution.Moreover, a novel parameter computation method is proposed for jointlycalculating the azimuth and elevation angles in the SoS channel simulator.Based on the proposed 3D theoretical RS-GBSM and its SoS simulation model,statistical properties are derived and thoroughly investigated. The impact ofthe elevation angle in the 3D model on key statistical properties isinvestigated by comparing with those of the corresponding two-dimensional (2D)model. It is demonstrated that the 3D model is more accurate to characterizereal V2V channels, in particular for pico cell scenarios. Finally, closeagreement is achieved between the theoretical model, SoS simulation model, andsimulation results, demonstrating the utility of the proposed models.

Novel 3D Geometry-Based Stochastic Models for Non-Isotropic MIMO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels