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Ammonia (NH$_3$) toxicity, stemming from nitrification, can adversely affectaquatic life and influence the taste and odor of drinking water. Thisunderscores the necessity for highly responsive and accurate sensors tocontinuously monitor NH$_3$ levels in water, especially in complex environmentswhere reliable sensors have been lacking until this point. Herein, we detailthe development of a sensor comprising a compact and selective analyzer withlow gas consumption and a timely response, based on photoacoustic spectroscopy.This, combined with an automated liquid sampling system, enables the precisedetection of ammonia traces in water. The sensor system incorporates astate-of-the art quantum cascade laser as the excitation source emitting at 9\textmu m in resonance with the absorption line of NH$_3$ located at 1103.46cm$^{-1}$. Our instrument demonstrated detection sensitivity at low ppm levelfor total ammonia nitrogen with response times less than 60 seconds. For thesampling system, an ammonia stripping solution was designed resulting in aprompt full measurement cycle (6.35 mins). A further evaluation of the sensorwithin a pilot study showed good reliability and agreement with the referencemethod for real water samples, confirming the potential of our NH$_3$ analyzerfor water-quality monitoring applications.

Photo-acoustic spectroscopy using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) for analysis of ammonia in water solutions