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Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) were introduced mainly to increasevehicular safety by enabling communication between vehicles and infrastructureto improve overall awareness. The vehicles in a VANET are expected to exchangenumerous messages generated by multiple applications, but mainly, theseapplications can be subdivided into safety and non-safety. The maincommunication technologies designed for VANETs, DSRC (Dedicated Short RangeCommunication) and C-V2X (Cellular V2X), mainly focus on delay-sensitivesafety-related applications. However, sharing the same bandwidth for safety andnon-safety applications will increase the burden on the communication channeland can cause an increase in the overall latencies. Therefore, this workanalyses the feasibility of using LoRa communication for non-safety-relatedurban VANET applications. We conducted multiple real-world experiments toanalyse the performance of LoRa communication in various urban VANET scenarios.Our results show that LoRa communication handles the Dopper shifts caused bythe urban VANET speeds with both Spreading Factor (SF) 7 and 12. However,higher SF was more vulnerable to Doppler shifts than lower SF. Furthermore, theresults illustrate that the Line-of-Sight (LoS) condition significantly affectsthe LoRa communication, especially in the case of lower SF.

Using LoRa communication for Urban VANETs: Feasibility and Challenges