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We report physical properties of the brightest ($S_{870\,\mu \rmm}=12.4$-$19.2\,$mJy) and not strongly lensed 18 870$\,\mu$m selected dustystar-forming galaxies (DSFGs), also known as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), inthe COSMOS field. This sample is part of an ALMA band$\,$3 spectroscopic survey(AS2COSPEC), and spectroscopic redshifts are measured in 17 of them at$z=2$-$5$. We perform spectral energy distribution analyses and deduce a mediantotal infrared luminosity of $L_{\rm IR}=(1.3\pm0.1)\times10^{13}\,L_{\odot}$,infrared-based star-formation rate of ${\rm SFR}_{\rmIR}=1390\pm150~M_{\odot}\,\rm yr^{-1}$, stellar mass of$M_\ast=(1.4\pm0.6)\times10^{11}\,M_\odot$, dust mass of $M_{\rmdust}=(3.7\pm0.5)\times10^9\,M_\odot$, and molecular gas mass of $M_{\rm gas}=(\alpha_{\rm CO}/0.8)(1.2\pm0.1)\times10^{11}\,M_\odot$, suggesting that theyare one of the most massive, ISM-enriched, and actively star-forming systems at$z=2$-$5$. In addition, compared to less massive and less active galaxies atsimilar epochs, SMGs have comparable gas fractions; however, they have muchshorter depletion time, possibly caused by more active dynamical interactions.We determine a median dust emissivity index of $\beta=2.1\pm0.1$ for oursample, and by combining our results with those from other DSFG samples, wefind no correlation of $\beta$ with redshift or infrared luminosity, indicatingsimilar dust grain compositions across cosmic time for infrared luminousgalaxies. We also find that AS2COSPEC SMGs have one of the highestdust-to-stellar mass ratios, with a median of $0.02\pm0.01$, significantlyhigher than model predictions, possibly due to too strong of a AGN feedbackimplemented in the model. Finally, our complete and uniform survey enables usto put constraints on the most massive end of the dust and molecular gas massfunctions.

An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in  the SCUBA-2-COSMOS Field (AS2COSPEC): Physical Properties of z=2-5 Ultra and  Hyper Luminous Infrared Galaxies