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A large qubit capacity and an individual readout capability are two crucialrequirements for large-scale quantum computing and simulation. As one of theleading physical platforms for quantum information processing, the ion trap hasachieved quantum simulation of tens of ions with site-resolved readout in 1DPaul trap, and that of hundreds of ions with global observables in 2D Penningtrap. However, integrating these two features into a single system is stillvery challenging. Here we report the stable trapping of 512 ions in a 2D Wignercrystal and the sideband cooling of their transverse motion. We demonstrate thequantum simulation of long-range quantum Ising models with tunable couplingstrengths and patterns, with or without frustration, using 300 ions. Enabled bythe site resolution in the single-shot measurement, we observe rich spatialcorrelation patterns in the quasi-adiabatically prepared ground states. Thisspatial resolution further allows us to verify quantum simulation results bycomparing with the calculated collective phonon modes. Our work paves the wayfor simulating classically intractable quantum dynamics and for running NISQalgorithms using 2D ion trap quantum simulators. With the further developmentof 2D individual addressing, our work also makes a building block for alarge-scale ion trap quantum computer.

A Site-Resolved 2D Quantum Simulator with Hundreds of Trapped Ions under Tunable Couplings