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We present a method to differentiate organisms solely by their motion basedon the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) and use it to distinguish twodifferent swimming modes of strongly confined unicellular microalgaeChlamydomonas reinhardtii (CR). The GLE is the most general model for active orpassive motion of organisms and particles and in particular includesnon-Markovian effects, i.e., the trajectory memory of its past. We extract allGLE parameters from individual cell trajectories and perform an unbiasedcluster analysis to group them into different classes. For the specific cellpopulation employed in the experiments, the GLE-based assignment into the twodifferent swimming modes works perfectly, as checked by control experiments.The classification and sorting of single cells and organisms is important indifferent areas, our method that is based on motion trajectories offerswide-ranging applications in biology and medicine.

Data-driven classification of individual cells by their non-Markovian motion