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ALMA observations revealed the presence of significant amounts of dust in thefirst Gyr of Cosmic time. However, the metal and dust buildup picture remainsvery uncertain due to the lack of constraints on metallicity. JWST has startedto reveal the metal content of high-redshift targets, which may lead to firmerconstraints on high-redshift dusty galaxies evolution. In this work, we usedetailed chemical and dust evolution models to explore the evolution ofgalaxies within the ALMA REBELS survey, testing different metallicity scenariosthat could be inferred from JWST observations. In the models, we track thebuildup of stellar mass by using non-parametric SFHs for REBELS galaxies.Different scenarios for metal and dust evolution are simulated by allowingdifferent prescriptions for gas flows and dust processes. The model outputs arecompared with measured dust scaling relations, by employingmetallicity-dependent calibrations for the gas mass based on the [CII]158micronline. Independently of the galaxies metal content, we found no need for extremedust prescriptions to explain the dust masses revealed by ALMA. However,different levels of metal enrichment will lead to different dominant dustproduction mechanisms, with stardust production dominant over other ISM dustprocesses only in the metal-poor case. This points out how metallicitymeasurements from JWST will significantly improve our understanding of the dustbuildup in high-redshift galaxies. We also show that models struggle toreproduce observables such as dust-to-gas and dust-to-stellar ratiossimultaneously, possibly indicating an overestimation of the gas mass throughcurrent calibrations, especially at high metallicities.

Metal and dust evolution in ALMA REBELS galaxies: insights for future JWST observations