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A grid of orthogonal beams with zero column coherence can be easilyconstructed to cover all prospective user equipments (UEs) in the far-fieldregion of a multiple-antenna base station (BS). However, when the BS isequipped with an extremely large aperture array, the Fraunhofer distance ishuge, causing the UEs to be located in the radiative near-field region. Thiscalls for designing a grid of beams based on a near-field dictionary. In theprevious work, a polar-domain grid design was proposed to maintain control overthe column coherence. A limitation of this approach is identified in thispaper, and we propose an enhanced methodology for the design of a polar-domaindictionary specifically tailored for the near-field of an extremely largeaperture uniform planar array. Through simulation results, it is demonstratedthat the proposed dictionary, employing a non-uniform distance samplingapproach, achieves lower column coherence than the benchmark and significantlyimproves the localization of UEs compared to uniform distance sampling.

A New Polar-Domain Dictionary Design for the Near-field Region of Extremely Large Aperture Arrays