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Pseudo-haptics techniques are interesting alternatives for generating hapticperceptions, which entails the manipulation of haptic perception through theappropriate alteration of primarily visual feedback in response to bodymovements. However, the use of pseudo-haptics techniques with a motion-inputsystem can sometimes be limited. This paper investigates a novel approach forextending the potential of pseudo-haptics techniques in virtual reality (VR).The proposed approach utilizes a reaction force from force-input as asubstitution of haptic cue for the pseudo-haptic perception. The paperintroduced a manipulation method in which the vertical acceleration of thevirtual hand is controlled by the extent of push-in of a force sensor. Such aforce-input manipulation of a virtual body can not only present pseudo-hapticswith less physical spaces and be used by more various users includingphysically handicapped people, but also can present the reaction forceproportional to the user's input to the user. We hypothesized that such ahaptic force cue would contribute to the pseudo-haptic perception. Therefore,the paper endeavors to investigate the force-input pseudo-haptic perception ina comparison with the motion-input pseudo-haptics. The paper comparedforce-input and motion-input manipulation in a point of achievable range andresolution of pseudo-haptic weight. The experimental results suggest that theforce-input manipulation successfully extends the range of perceptiblepseudo-weight by 80\% in comparison to the motion-input manipulation. On theother hand, it is revealed that the motion-input manipulation has 1 step largernumber of distinguishable weight levels and is easier to operate than theforce-input manipulation.

Move or Push? Studying Pseudo-Haptic Perceptions Obtained with Motion or Force Input