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We study spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Ni/Pt bi-layers and multi-layers byferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and harmonic-Hall measurements. The effect ofmulti-layering and crystal orientation on field-like (FL) and damping-like (DL)torque efficiencies is examined by exploiting the samples with differentcrystal orientations: epitaxial and poly-crystalline structures on Sapphire andSiO$_2$ substrates, respectively.  We find that both DL and FL torque efficiencies are larger in multi-layersamples and there is no complete cancellation of torque efficiencies that isgenerally expected for ideal symmetric stacking structures. The results ofSOT-FMR indicate that the epitaxial samples show higher efficiency for SOTgeneration compared to the poly-crystalline samples, suggesting that SOTgeneration is modified depending on the interfacial contribution. In addition,the spin Hall conductivity of the epitaxial multi-layer is the largest amongthe samples. The present results signify the importance of crystal orientation,multi-layering and interface-quality in improving the efficiency of SOTsgeneration combined with larger spin hall angle for developing futurespintronic devices.

Effect of multi-layering and crystal orientation on spin-orbit torque efficiency in Ni/Pt layer stacking